Breast Cancer Treatment, Colon Cancer Treatment, Leukaemia Treatment, Melanoma Cancer Treatment

GENERAL STUDIES

These general studies are provided to show the positive impacts Avemar has as an alternative or Complementary Cancer Treatment. General studies and overall scientific research have proven that Avemar can help or replace traditional cancer treatments such as Melanoma Cancer Treatment, Breast Cancer Treatment, leukaemia cancer treatment and Colon Cancer Treatment.

1. The role of antioxidant supplement in immune system, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative disorders: a point of view for an assessment of the risk/benefit profile.

'[Avemar] has shown immunomodulatory and antitumor activity in a variety of preclinical studies and several human trials.'

Nutrition Journal Volume 7, Issue 29: 29-35. 2008.
Brambilla D., Mancuso, C., Scuderi, M.R., Bosco, P., Cantarella, G., Lempereur, L.,
Di Benedetto, G., Pezzino, S., Bernardini, R.
Scientific Paper No 56 General-Studies1-pdf56.pdf

2. Experimental and clinical results with Avemar (a dried extract from fermented wheat germ) in animal cancer models and in cancer patients.

Nõgyógyászati Onkológia 7: 180-185. 2002.
Nichelatti M, Hidvégi M:
Scientific Paper - No 27 General-Studies2-pdf27.pdf

3. Synergistic Effect of Avemar on Proinflammatory Cytokine Production and Ras-Mediated Cell Activation.

ABSTRACT: Macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide and/or phorbol esters exhibited high sensitivity to Avemar, a fermented wheat germ extract. Avemar synergized with lipopolysaccharide and PMA in the induction of the transcription of cytokine genes and release of inflammatory cytokines. At higher concentrations the preparation had a significant negative effect on the proliferation and survival of activated myeloid cell types. Avemar treatment induced the synthesis of ICAM-1 and synergized with the ICAM-inducing effect of TNF, but had no effect on VCAM-1 expression on microvascular endothelial cells. The effect of Avemar on signalling pathways, which are involved in cell activation was studied on HeLa cells as a model system. Avemar treatment increased the activity of stress kinases in a concentration-dependent way, resulting in the activation of AP-1 transcription factor. NF-kappa B-sensitive reporters were also activated by Avemar; in contrast, no effect of the preparation was observed on PKA-sensitive signalling pathways.

András Telekes, Endre Kiss-Tóth, Tünde Nagy:
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1051: 515-528. 2005.
Scientific Paper - No 43 General-Studies3-pdf43.pdf

4. Immunologic and Biochemical Effects of the Fermented Wheat Germ Extract Avemar.

Biology and Medicine 230/2: 144-149. 2005.
Illmer C, Madlener S, Horvath Z, Saiko P, A. Losert, Herbacek I, Grusch M, Krupitza G, Fritzer-Szekeres M, Szekeres T Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Scientific Paper - No 40
General-Studies4-pdf40.pdf

5. Fermented wheat germ extract reduces chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in pediatric cancer patients.

'The ability of this medical nutriment to accelerate regeneration of the hematopoietic system, reconstruct healthy immune response, and increase hematopoietic interleukin gene expression may explain it's possible febrile neutropenia-preventing effect in children receiving cytotoxic therapies.'

J. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 10: 631-635. 2004.
Garami M, Schuler D, Babosa M, Borgulya G, Hauser P, Müller J, Paksy A, Szabó E, Hidvégi M, Fekete Gy:
Scientific Paper - No 35
General-Studies5-pdf35.pdf

6. Metabolic control analysis in drug discovery and disease.

'Other examples of natural and synthetic tumour-growth inhibitors are genestein and the wheat germ extract AVEMAR, both of which strongly inhibit the use of glucose for nucleic acid synthesis as a central mechanism for their anti-proliferative action. As non-oxidative ribose synthesis is almost unique to most types of tumours, enzyme inhibitors with high control coefficients in both glucose use and non-oxidative anabolic glucose use for de nova nucleic acid synthesis are likely to be of great value in future cancer treatment protocols.'

Nature Biotechnol 20: 243-249. 2002.
Cascante M, Boros L. G, Comin-Anduix B, Atauri P, Centelles J. J, Lee W-N. P:
Scientific Paper - No 29 General-Studies6-pdf29.pdf

7. The effect of Avemar and Avemar + vitamin C on tumor growth and metastasis in experimental animals.

'[Avemar] lived up to our expectations, has indeed shown powerful biological activity, and proved able to stimulate the immune functions in hosts with severely impaired immune system. It has shown a powerful metastasis inhibiting effect in several tumour models without eliciting toxic side effects. It is our hope that this preparation will find a place in biotherapeutical treatment of human cancer.'

Anticancer Res 18: 2353-2358. 1998.
Hidvégi M, RásóE, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Paku S, Lapis K, Szende B:
Scientific Paper - No 1 General-Studies7-pdf1.pdf

8. Effect of MSC [Avemar] on the immune response of mice.

'The immune restoring effect, as well as the blastic transformation enhancing potential of MSC [Avemar] may be exploited in various cases of decreased immune response.'

Immunopharmacology 41: 183-186. 1999.
Hidvégi M, RásóE, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Lapis K, Szende B:
Scientific Paper - No 4 General-Studies8-pdf4.pdf

9. MSC, [Avemar] a new benzoquinone-containing natural product with antimetastatic effect.

'Our in vitro and in vivo experiments with Avemar refer to a very significant anti-metastatic effect of this product observed in several animal experimental models. Most likely this effect correlates with the immune stimulatory effect manifested in both in vivo and in vitro tests, although the anti-proliferative, apoptotic, adhesion-related, as well as free radical-forming effects may all contribute to the fewer number of metastases, too.'

Cancer Biother Radiopharm 14: 277-289. 1999.
Hidvégi M, RásóE, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Lapis K, Szende B:
Scientific Paper - No 5 General-Studies9-pdf5.pdf

10. Fermented wheat germ extract induces apoptosis and downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I proteins in tumor T and B cell lines.

 

Int J Oncol 20: 563-570. 2002.
Fajka-Boja R, Hidvégi M, Shoenfeld Y, Ion G, Demydenko D, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Vizler Cs, Telekes A, Resetár Á, Monostori É:
Scientific Paper - No 26 General-Studies10-pdf26.pdf

BREAST CANCER

As an Alternative Cancer Treatment or a Complementary Cancer Treatment, Avemar will assist. These specific studies outline the benefits Avemar has to help with standard Breast Cancer Treatment. Some studies show that Avemar can be used in conjunction with Breast Cancer Treatment, whilst others show it can be used as an Alternative Cancer Treatment.

In-Vitro [laboratory]

Chemo-prevention with tamoxifen and Avemar by inducing apoptosis on MCF-7 (ER+) breast cancer cells.

'In conclusion it appears that supplementary therapy with Avemar in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer may enhance the effect of Tamoxifen.'

2nd Congress of the World Society of Breast Health, Budapest, Hungary 24-28: 24-28. 2003. Tompa A, Kocsis Zs, Marcsek Z, Jakab M, Szende B, Hidvégi M:
Scientific Paper - No 33 Breast-Cancer1-pdf33.pdf

The Efficacy of Tamoxifen in Oestrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells Is Enhanced by a Medical Nutriment.

'As apoptosis increased when Avemar was added to tamoxifen treatment, the use of supplementary therapy with Avemar in the case of ER+ breast tumours may enhance the therapeutic effects of tamoxifen.'

Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 6: 746-753. 2004.
Marcsek Z, Kocsis Zs, Jakab M, Szende B, Tompa A:
Scientific Paper - No 39
Breast-Cancer2-pdf39.pdf

In-Vivo [animal studies]

Avemar inhibits the growth of mouse and human xenograft mammary carcinomas comparable to endocrine treatments.

'Conclusions: The tumor growth inhibitory effect of Avemar on ER positive MXT mouse breast carcinoma as well as in T47/D xenograft models are comparable (equal or better) to standard endocrine treatments. Avemar certainly did not reduce the effect of endocrine treatments. The antitumor activity of Avemar did not depend on the estrogen receptor status.'

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2007 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. Vol 25, No. 18S (June 20 Supplement), 2007: 21132. 2007.
Tejeda M, Gaál D, Sz?cs I, Telekes A
Scientific Paper - No 51
Breast-Cancer3-pdf51.pdf

COLON CANCER

Colon cancer unfortunately affects millions of people around the globe and because of this effective Colon Cancer Treatment is sought by many. Research and studies of Colon Cancer Treatment has meant that many people can gain relief from this disease by using Avemar as a Complementary Cancer Treatment or as an alternative to mainstream therapies.

Specific studies via scientific tests confirm Avemar can be used as an Alternative Cancer Treatment or as a Complementary Cancer Treatment. Be it as an alternative or as a Complementary Cancer Treatment, Avemar use will ensure effective Colon Cancer Treatment is now available.

Human Study

A medical nutriment has supportive value in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

'Continuous supplementation of anticancer therapies with MSC for more than 6 months is beneficial to patients with colorectal cancer in terms of overall and progression-free survival.'

British Journal of Cancer 89: 465-469. 2003
Jakab F, Shoenfeld Y, Balogh Á, Nichelatti M, Hoffmann A, Kahán Zs, Lapis K, Mayer Á, Sápy P, Szentpétery F, Telekes A, Thurzó L, Vágvölgyi A, Hidvégi M:
Scientific Paper - No 32 Colon-Cancer1-pdf32.pdf

In-Vitro [laboratory]

Immunologic and Biochemical Effects of the Fermented Wheat Germ Extract Avemar.

'We conclude that we were able to identify new biochemical targets of Avemar; notably, the enzymes RR and COX. The inhibition of these enzymes results in the impressive antitumor effects observed with Avemar inpatients suffering from colon carcinoma.'

Biology and Medicine 230/2: 144-149. 2005.
Illmer C, Madlener S, Horvath Z, Saiko P, A. Losert, Herbacek I, Grusch M, Krupitza G, Fritzer-Szekeres M, Szekeres T Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Scientific Paper - No 40
Colon-Cancer2-pdf40.pdf

In-Vivo [animal studies]

The effect of Avemar and Avemar + vitamin C on tumour growth and metastasis in experimental animals.

'[Avemar] lived up to our expectations, has indeed shown powerful biological activity, and proved able to stimulate the immune functions in hosts with severely impaired immune system. It has shown a powerful metastasis inhibiting effect in several tumour models without eliciting toxic side effects. It is our hope that this preparation will find a place in biotherapeutical treatment of human cancer.'

Anticancer Res 18: 2353-2358. 1998.
Hidvégi M, Rásó E, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Paku S, Lapis K, Szende B:
Scientific Paper - No 1 Colon-Cancer3-pdf1.pdf

MSC, [Avemar] a new benzoquinone-containing natural product with antimetastatic effect.

'Our in vitro and in vivo experiments with Avemar refer to a very significant anti-metastatic effect of this product observed in several animal experimental models. Most likely this effect correlates with the immune stimulatory effect manifested in both in vivo and in vitro tests, although the anti-proliferative, apoptotic, adhesion-related, as well as free radical-forming effects may all contribute to the fewer number of metastases, too.'

Cancer Biother Radiopharm 14: 277-289. 1999.
Hidvégi M, Rásó E, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Paku S, Lapis K, Szende B:
Scientific Paper - No 5 Colon-Cancer4-pdf5.pdf

Wheat germ extract inhibits experimental colon carcinogenesis in F-344 rats.

'It has been demonstrated for the first time that a wheat germ extract prevents colonic cancer in laboratory rats.'

Carcinogenesis 22: 1649-1652. 2001.
Zalatnai A, Lapis K, Szende B, Rásó E, Telekes A, Resetár Á, Hidvégi M:
Scientific Paper - No 15 Colon-Cancer5-pdf15.pdf

HEAD AND NECK CANCER

Human Studies

Recommendation of the Hungarian Society for Face, Mandible and Oral Surgery in the indication of supportive therapy with Avemar.

'For patients suffering from head - and neck tumours - primarily malignant cancer of the oral cavity, the progression of the disease can be slowed significantly, the five-year survival rate increased considerably, the quality of life improved, and the oxidative stress on the patients reduced by the long-term application of the supplementary formula Avemar. The Association considers the supportive treatment with the formula Avemar as an important part of the complex therapeutic protocols applied in stages II, III and IV of malignant cancer of the oral cavity.'

Orvosi Hetilap, Hungarian Medical Journal 147(35): 1709-11. 2006.
Barabas J, Nemeth Z
Scientific Paper - No 47 Head-Neck-Cancer1-47pdf.pdf

A multicentric prospective open trial on the quality of life and oxidative stress in patients affected by advanced head and neck cancer treated with a new benzoquinone-rich product derived from fermented wheat germ (Avemar).

'the reduction in free oxygen radicals induced by [Avemar] is correlated with a clinically significant improvement in the quality of life in patients with advanced [head and neck] cancer'.

Mediterr J Nutr Metab : 37-42. 2008.
Sukkar GS, Cella F, Rovera G, Nichelatti M, Ragni G, Chiavenna G, Giannoni R,
Ferrari C.
Scientific Paper - No 54
Head-Neck-Cancer2-54pdf.pdf

GASTRIC CANCER

Cytotoxic activities of fermented wheat germ extract (Avemar) on human gastric carcinoma cells by induction of apoptosis.

'Avemar was found to dose-dependently inhibit the growth of gastric carcinoma cells possibly via an apoptosis-dependent pathway and has a potential to be an additive or synergistic effect with cytotoxic agents.'

2005 ASCO Annual Meeting Abstract No: 4254. 2005.
S. N. Lee, H. Park, K. E. Lee:
Scientific Paper - No 45
Gastric-Cancer1-45.pdf

LEUKAEMIA

Like breast cancer, leukaemia is a recognisable form of cancer that affects bone marrow and usually results in intense treatment regimes. Traditional leukaemia cancer treatment usually involves pharmaceutical medications, radiation therapy and in some cases bone marrow transplant.

Unfortunately many men, women and children are affected by leukaemia and require many forms of leukaemia cancer treatment. Research and studies of leukaemia cancer treatment has meant that patients can gain relief from this disease by using Avemar as a Complementary Cancer Treatment or as an alternative to mainstream therapies.

Specific studies via scientific tests confirm Avemar can be used as an Alternative Cancer Treatment or as a Complementary Cancer Treatment. Be it as an alternative or a Complementary Cancer Treatment, Avemar use will ensure effective leukaemia cancer treatment is now available.

In-Vitro [laboratory]

Avemar, a nontoxic fermented wheat germ extract, induces apoptosis and inhibits ribonucleotide reductase in human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.

'We conclude that Avemar might be a promising additional option for combination treatment of human leukemia.'

Cancer Letters 250/2: 323-328. 2007.
Saiko P, Ozsvar-Kozma M, Madlener S, Bernhaus A, Lackner A, Grusch M, Horvath Zs, Krupitza G, Jaeger W, Ammer K, Fritzer-Szekeres M, Szekeres T
Scientific Paper - No 48 Leukaemia1-pdf48.pdf

Changes in the kinase expression panel of K562 human leukemia after Avemar treatment.

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2007 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. Vol 25, No. 18S (June 20 Supplement), 2007: 14143. 2007.
Telekes A, Rásó E
Scientific Paper - No 50
Leukaemia2-pdf50.pdf

Fermented wheat germ extract inhibits glycolysis/pentose cycle enzymes and induces apoptosis through poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in Jurkat T-cell leukemia tumor cells.

'In conclusion, Avemar is a natural fermented wheat germ extract with no known toxicities, and it is a strong regulator of leukemia tumor cell macromolecule synthesis, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and proliferation. Avemar regulates metabolic enzymes that are involved in glucose carbon redistribution between proliferation-related structural and functional macromolecules (RNA, DNA). Avemar treatment results in profound intracellular metabolic changes that bring devastating consequences for the proliferation of leukemia cells of the lymphoid lineage.'

J Biol Chem 277: 46408-46414. 2002.
Comín-Anduix B, Boros L. G, Marin S, Boren J, Callol-Massot C, Centelles J. J, Torres J. L, Agell N, Bassilian S, Cascante M: University of Barcelona, Spain
Scientific Paper - No 30 Leukaemia3-pdf30.pdf

Synergistic Effect of Avemar on Proinflammatory Cytokine Production and Ras-Mediated Cell Activation.

'Myeloid cells (here P388D mouse myeloid leukemia cells) showed very strong growth inhibition and decreased survival in the presence of Avemar'

András Telekes, Endre Kiss-Tóth, Tünde Nagy:
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1051: 515-528. 2005.
Scientific Paper - No 43
Leukaemia4-pdf43.pdf

Fermented wheat germ extract induces apoptosis and downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I proteins in tumor T and B cell lines.

Int J Oncol 20: 563-570. 2002.
Fajka-Boja R, Hidvégi M, Shoenfeld Y, Ion G, Demydenko D, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Vizler Cs, Telekes A, Resetár Á, Monostori É:
Scientific Paper - No 26 Leukaemia5-pdf26.pdf

LUNG CANCER

In-Vitro [laboratory]

The effect of Avemar and Avemar + vitamin C on tumour growth and metastasis in experimental animals.

'[Avemar] lived up to our expectations, has indeed shown powerful biological activity, and proved able to stimulate the immune functions in hosts with severely impaired immune system. It has shown a powerful metastasis inhibiting effect in several tumour models without eliciting toxic side effects. It is our hope that this preparation will find a place in bio-therapeutical treatment of human cancer.'

Anticancer Res 18: 2353-2358. 1998.
Hidvégi M, Rásó E, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Paku S, Lapis K, Szende B:
Scientific Paper - No 1 Lung-Cancer1-pdf1.pdf

MSC, [Avemar] a new benzoquinone-containing natural product with anti-metastatic effect.

'Our in vitro and in vivo experiments with Avemar refer to a very significant anti-metastatic effect of this product observed in several animal experimental models. Most likely this effect correlates with the immune stimulatory effect manifested in both in vivo and in vitro tests, although the anti-proliferative, apoptotic, adhesion-related, as well as free radical-forming effects may all contribute to the fewer number of metastases, too.

Cancer Biother Radiopharm 14: 277-289. 1999.
Hidvégi M, Rásó E, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Lapis K, Szende B:
Scientific Paper - No 5
Lung-Cancer2-pdf5.pdf

LYMPHOMA

In-Vivo [animal studies]

Avemar, a nontoxic fermented wheat germ extract, attenuates the growth of sensitive and 5-FdUrd/Ara-C cross-resistant H9 human lymphoma cells through induction of apoptosis.

'Regarding our results, we conclude that Avemar is able to overcome 5-FdUrd/Ara-C cross-resistance in H9 human lymphoma cells and induces dose-dependent apoptosis. Additionally, this non-toxic fermented wheat germ extract exerts it's cytotoxicity without causing remarkable cell cycle perturbations in both sensitive and cross-resistant H9 cells.'

Oncology Reports Vol 21, No. 3: 787-791. 2009.
Saiko P, Ozsvar-Kozma M, Graser G, Lackner A, Grusch M, Madlener S, Krupitza G, Jaeger W, Hidvegi M, Agarwal R.P, Fritzer-Szekeres M, Szekeres T
Scientific Paper - No 59
Lymphoma1-pdf59.pdf

Fermented wheat germ extract induces apoptosis and downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I proteins in tumor T and B cell lines.

International Journal Oncology 20: 563-570. 2002.
Fajka-Boja R, Hidvégi M, Shoenfeld Y, Ion G, Demydenko D, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Vizler Cs, Telekes A, Reset?r Á,Monostori É:
Scientific Paper - No 26 Lymphoma2-pdf26.pdf

MELANOMA

Melanoma is a type of cancer that affects people of all ages. This skin cancer is a common, and recognisable form of cancer. Malignant melanoma tumours are responsible for 75% of all deaths related to skin cancer. Like other forms of cancer, Melanoma Cancer Treatment can result in radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery, which can be dangerous and harmful to the body.

Unfortunately many people around the world are affected by skin melanomas and require many forms of Melanoma Cancer Treatment. Research and studies of Melanoma Cancer Treatment has meant that patients can gain relief from the terrible disease by using Avemar as a Complementary Cancer Treatment or as an alternative to mainstream therapies.

Specific studies via scientific tests confirm Avemar can be used as an Alternative Cancer Treatment or as a Complementary Cancer Treatment. Be it as an alternative or Complementary Cancer Treatment, Avemar use will ensure effective Melanoma Cancer Treatment is now available.

Human Studies

Adjuvant Fermented Wheat Germ Extract (Avemar) Nutraceutical Improves Survival of High-Risk Skin Melanoma Patients: A Randomized, Pilot, Phase II Clinical Study with a 7-Year Follow-Up.

'We, therefore, highly recommend the inclusion of this fermented wheat-germ-extract-based medical nutriment into the adjuvant protocols of high risk skin melanoma patients. We also encourage colleagues worldwide to further test this nontoxic active preparation in melanoma and in other types of human cancers.'

Cancer Biother Radiopharm Volume 23, Issue 4.: 477-482. 2008
Demidov L. V, Manziuk L. V, Kharkevitch G. Y; Pirogova, N. A; Artamonova, E. V :
Scientific Paper - No 55
Melanoma1-pdf55.pdf

The antimetastatic effect of Avemar in high-risk melanoma patients. 18th UICC International Cancer Congress.

'These preliminary data show that combination of routine DTIC chemotherapy and AVEMAR? may decrease risk of relapse and postpone time of melanoma progression. The published preclinical results suggest that the anti-metastatic effect of AVEMAR? is related to its cell adhesion inhibitory, cell proliferation inhibitory, apoptosis enhancing and antioxidant characteristics.'

Oslo, Norway. 30. June - 5. July 2002. (Abstract) Int J Cancer 100(S13): 408. 2002. Demidov L. V, Manzjuk L. V, Kharkevitch G. Y, Artamonova E. V, Pirogova N. A: Scientific Paper - No 28
Melanoma2-pdf28.pdf

In-Vitro [laboratory]

The effect of Avemar and Avemar + vitamin C on tumour growth and metastasis in experimental animals.

'[Avemar] lived up to our expectations, has indeed shown powerful biological activity, and proved able to stimulate the immune functions in hosts with severely impaired immune system. It has shown a powerful metastasis inhibiting effect in several tumour models without eliciting toxic side effects. It is our hope that this preparation will find a place in biotherapeutical treatment of human cancer.'

Anticancer Res 18: 2353-2358. 1998.
Hidvégi M, Rásó E, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Paku S, Lapis K, Szende B:
Scientific Paper - No 1 Melanoma3-pdf1.pdf

MSC, [Avemar] a new benzoquinone-containing natural product with antimetastatic effect.

'Our in vitro and in vivo experiments with Avemar refer to a very significant anti-metastatic effect of this product observed in several animal experimental models. Most likely this effect correlates with the immune stimulatory effect manifested in both in vivo and in vitro tests, although the anti-proliferative, apoptotic, adhesion-related, as well as free radical-forming effects may all contribute to the fewer number of metastases, too.'

Cancer Biother Radiopharm 14: 277-289. 1999.
Hidvégi M, Rásó E, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Lapis K, Szende B:
Scientific Paper - No 5 Melanoma4-pdf5.pdf

PANCREATIC CANCER

In-Vitro [laboratory]

Wheat germ extract decreases glucose uptake and RNA ribose formation but increases fatty acid synthesis in MIA pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.

Pancreas 23: 141-147. 2001.
Boros L. G, Lapis K, Szende B, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Balogh Á, Boren J, Marin S, Cascante M, Hidvégi M:
Scientific Paper - No 10 Pancreatic-Cancer1-pdf10.pdf

A metabolic hypothesis of cell growth and death in pancreatic cancer.

'Conclusion: Evidence is presented that demonstrates opposite changes in metabolic phenotypes induced by TGF-B, a cell-transforming agent, and tumour growth-inhibiting phytochemicals such as genistein and Avemar, or novel synthetic anti-leukemic drugs such as STI571 (Gleevec). Intermediary metabolic enzymes that mediate the growth signalling pathways and promote malignant cell transformation may serve as high efficacy non-genetic novel targets for cancer therapies.'

Pancreas 24: 26-33. 2002.
Boros L. G, Lee W-N. P, Go V. L. W:
Scientific Paper - No 25 Pancreatic-Cancer2-pdf25.pdf